How to link a 2D map from the game to the program

There is a 2d card consisting of several colors. The red dot on the map is the person with the direction. It is necessary that the person moves only along a certain color (in this example, only along white paths).

I don't understand how to get information from photos. In theory, the algorithm should receive an image and orient the person along the paths

example of image

I'm guessing this question is related to neural networks.